Research

Questions. No Answers.

On Useful Benchmark-ing

Is the ARC AGI challenge a useful challenge for human cognitive architectures? Should the cognitive architecture community join the fray? At face value, the ARC competition seems about right. Humans can do it; SOTA AI can't. If no, then can we develop a more relevant challenge? Is cultural scaffolding necessary for human-like intelligence? Is language? Can we build a benchmark-like thing for animal cognition and what AI would solve it?

CV

Work

Recent

• Orr, M., Cranford, D., Ford, K., Gluck, K., Hancock, W., Lebiere, C. Pirolli, P., Ritter, F., Stocco, A. (2025). Not Even Wrong: On the Limits of Prediction as Explanation in Cognitive Science. arXiv preprint (cs.AI). https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.03311
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• Orr, M. & Teti, E., Bura, A. Mortveit, H. (2025). Theoretical Note: The relation between structure and dynamics in psychological networks of attitudes. arXiv preprint (q-bio.NC). https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14418
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• Orr, M. (2025). On Optimality and Human Prediction of Event Duration in Real-Time, Real-World Contexts. arXiv preprint (cs.HC). https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14482
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• Mitsopoulos K, Baker L, Lebiere C, Pirolli P, Orr M and Vardavas R (2025) Cognitively-plausible reinforcement learning in epidemiological agent-based simulations. Front. Epidemi-ol. 5:1563731. doi: 10.3389/fepid.2025.156373
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• Teng CM, Pirolli P, Bhatia A, Carley K, Dorr B, Lebiere C, Mather B, Mitsopoulos K, Morrison D, Orr M and Strzalkowski T (2025) Prediction of U.S. daily mask wearing and social dis-tancing using psychologically valid agents during three waves of COVID-19. Front. Epidemi-ol. 5:1532553. doi: 10.3389/fepid.2025.1532553
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• Lebiere, C., Thomson, R., Stocco, A., Orr, M., Morrison, D. (2025). An architectural approach to metacognition. In (Eds.) Shakarian, P., Wei, H. Metacognitive Artifical Intelligence. Cam-bridge U. Press.
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Older Select

• Orr, M., Lebiere, C., Pirolli, P., Morrison (2024). A comparison of two memory models of atti-tude retrieval. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society.
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• Orr, M., Lebiere, C., Pirolli, P., Morrison (2024). A comparison of frequency effects in two atti-tude retrieval models. International Conference on Cognitive Modeling Proceedings.
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• Orr, M. G., Ziemer, K., Chen, D. (2017). Systems of behavior and population health. In Galea, S. & El-Sayed, A. (Eds.), Systems Science and Population Health. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK.
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• Orr, M., Stocco. A., Lebiere, C. Morrison, D. (2021). Attitudinal polarization on social networks: A cognitive architecture perspective. In Stewart, T. C. (Ed.). Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Cognitive Modelling (pp. tbd). University Park, PA: Applied Cognitive Science Lab, Penn State.
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• Pires, B., Jimenez, J., Molfino, E., Schaefer, K., Goldstein, J., Orr, M. (2023). Knowledge Sharing in a Dynamic, Multi-level Organization: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach. Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory. February 10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-023- 09373-8
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• Orr, M. G., Lebiere, C., Stocco, A., Pirolli, P., Pires, B., Kennedy, W. G. (2019). Multi-Scale Resolution of Neural, Cognitive and Social Systems. Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 25, 4–23
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• Orr, M., Morteit, H., Lebiere, C., Pirolli, P. (2023). A prospectus for the integration of cognitive architectures and mathematical epidemiology. Front. Psychol., Vol. 14. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.986289
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• Orr. M. G., & Plaut, D. C. (2014). Complex systems and health behavior change: Insights from cognitive science. American Journal of Health Behavior, 38(3), 404-413
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• Orr, M. G. & Evans, C. (2011). Understanding long-term diffusion dynamics in the prevalence of adolescent sexual initiation: A first investigation using agent-based modeling. Research In Human Development. 8(1), 48-66.
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• Orr, M. G., & Merrill, J. A. (2013). Diffusion of innovation across a national local health department network: A simulation approach to policy development using agent-based modeling, Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research, 2(5), Article #3: http://uknowledge.uky.edu/frontiersinphssr/vol2/iss5/3
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• MORE COMING SOON
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